COVID-19: how to protect yourself against coronavirus

Personal risk

Like many viruses, there are lots of things you can do to reduce your own risk of contracting COVID-19. These measures will also reduce your risk of contracting the common cold or flu, both of which are spread by cough and sneeze droplets.

Wearing surgical face masks makes little difference outside of hospital environments as they must be worn and removed correctly, changed frequently and disposed of safely to be effective. Rising demand from the public for protective face masks is also causing shortages for hospitals around the world.

There isn't yet a vaccine but various teams of scientists across the globe are in the process of developing a vaccine to protect against COVID-19. There also isn't a specific treatment yet available, although many people will recover from mild infections following rest and fluids. Those who go on to develop pneumonia will have their symptoms managed and treated.

Know the signs and symptoms

It's important that we're able to spot the signs of COVID-19 so that we can act quickly if we need to. As COVID-19 is part of the coronavirus family which includes SARS, MERS and the common cold, many of its symptoms are respiratory and flu-like.

If you do not have a fever, it is somewhat unlikely you are infected, although some people are able to be infected and pass on the virus without symptoms. Typically, a runny nose and sneezing are not symptoms of this virus.

According to a study published in The Lancet, the proportion of infected people with the following symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection is:

Patient picks for COVID-19

Chest and lungs

What is the COVID-19 antibody blood test and should I get one?

The COVID-19 antibody blood test can be used to test the level of antibodies your immune system has produced to COVID-19, either in response to infection or the vaccine. This can give you peace of mind, and can now be done from the safety and comfort of home. However, it's important to remember that antibody test kits won't give you the full picture of your immunity against COVID-19.

by Amberley Davis

Chest and lungs

Long COVID

Most people with COVID-19 infection (SARS CoV-2 infection) feel better within a few days or weeks and recover completely within 12 weeks of the infection. However, some people have ongoing symptoms that remain for weeks, months, or longer, which is usually called "long COVID". For some, these long-term effects of COVID-19 can be debilitating. These effects can be very different from person to person, and it seems likely that there are different 'types' of long COVID, or different syndromes, which might behave in different ways.

by Dr Doug McKechnie, MRCGP

Check before you travel

Travellers from the UK should check the latest guidance from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office before travel. Their advice is being continuously updated, with travellers advised to avoid all but essential travel to a growing number of countries and regions across the world.\

Social distancing

The government have issued new guidance which includes avoiding all non-essential contact with other people. This includes avoiding pubs, bars, cinemas and other social venues. Minimise contact with others as much as possible. If you are able to work from home or avoid public transport, you should.

Isolate yourself

One of the best ways to prevent the spread of the new coronavirus is to isolate anyone who may be carrying the virus. The virus has an incubation period of up to fourteen days, meaning that within two weeks of infection, symptoms should show. But some people are able to carry the virus without displaying any symptoms so it's crucial that people who are at especially high risk are isolated even if they don't have any symptoms.

For example, a hotel in Tenerife with hundreds of guests was been put on lockdown as medical tests were carried out following an Italian doctor testing positive for coronavirus. This is because many of those people may have come into contact with the doctor or infected surfaces in the hotel.

When should you self-isolate?

Anyone who experiences symptoms of fever or a new cough is being asked to self-isolate for seven days from the start of their symptoms. If one person develops symptoms in a household, the rest of the household must isolate for fourteen days. If anyone else then develops symptoms, they should isolate for seven days from the onset of their symptoms, even if that means isolating for more than fourteen days.

If after the isolation period your fever is gone and you feel better, you can end isolation. Your cough may persist after the fever is gone.

What does self-isolation involve?

If you need to self-isolate, you should take action immediately. You must stay inside and avoid all contact with other people.

If your symptoms get worse, become difficult to manage at home or stop you from doing daily tasks like looking at your phone or getting out of bed, call NHS 111 or the relevant number for your country. They will advise you on what to do. If you are told to go to hospital, you should not use public transport, including taxis, to get there as this could spread the virus. In an emergency, call 999 and tell them that you think you might have coronavirus.